proton pump inhibitor mechanism of action pdf

9 When used long term, they may be associated with bone fracture and low levels of blood magnesium. PPIs are usually well tolerated when used intermittently in healthy subjects 3, 8 but may be associated with hypersecretion of gastric acid after their withdrawal. In 2009, sales of PPIs grew to over $13 billion globally. 6 Most PPIs are now available over the counter, increasing their general use in the absence of medical supervision. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, ≈21 million people in the United States used ≥1 prescription PPIs in 2009. 4, 5 The high oral bioavailability of PPIs and their efficacy in sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion have favored their use over other acid-suppressing drugs such as histamine receptor (H 2 receptor) antagonists. In this form, the PPIs irreversibly bind to the gastric proton pump and inhibit acid secretion. 1 – 3 Biologically, PPIs are administered as uncharged prodrugs and require activation by parietal cells of the stomach to form positively charged active (sulfenamide and sulfenic acid) drugs. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective antagonists of gastric acid secretion used to treat a number of gastroesophageal disorders, including dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Barrett esophagus, and Helicobacter pylori infection of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Customer Service and Ordering Information.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).

Proton pump inhibitor mechanism of action pdf